OWENS, JEFFREY / PISTONE, PASQUALE / ANDRÉS, EVA
Globalization reduces the relevance of national borders and new technologies enable firms, large and small, to take advantage of this new borderless environment.
Today, more than one -third of cross- border activities takes place within multinational enterprises and trade is predominantly carried out by means of global value chains.
And traditionally it is the growth in these cross-border activities that have been the driving force behind global economic growth. Yet governments remain national and continue to guard jealously their fiscal sovereignty, even though in practice this sovereignty is severely constrained by the need to provide a competitive tax environment and not to get too much out of line with ones competitors.